Raquel gets up every two hours at night to check if the door of the
house is closed, Antonio falls asleep suddenly anywhere anytime, Laura is
unable to enter a lift even if you have to climb seven floors by stairs... What
do they have in common with the Border Collie and Golden Retriever, Doberman
Pinscher dog breeds?
Well, some researchers began to
wonder it and they found out that dog breeds have behavior disorders
resembling human neuropsychiatric disorders. Curious isn't it?
Researchers found out the dog are the only natural model of psychiatric
disorders! The behavioral problems in dogs are common. According to Nicholas
Dodman, 40% of the 77.5 million dogs living in U.S.A. manifest any behavior
disorder.
In addition 75% of the genes that
are present in humans are also in dogs, and there are millions of dogs to
study! But it will be like finding a needle in a haystack, so It is not an easy
task, however in the dogs we have a number of advantages, because the dog
breeds are very homogeneous, with what if 10,000 individuals are needed in
humans to perform a study and control hundreds of thousands of factors, in the
case of do it with dogs only would be 200 and 150,000 factors needed to study.
It is easier, right? This is fabulous! And consequently, proponents of canine
studies suggest that genes of dogs can lead us to knowledge of the involved
routes and find some hope for those who suffer from these disorders.
It is reality or is just science fiction?
There is at least one research that attests that studies in dogs may
lead us to find answers about human neurobiology. A scientist named Emmanuel
Mignot, who works as sleep researcher at the Faculty of medicine of Stanford
University had a laborious and happy idea. He grew up during ten years a
Doberman Pinscher who had a particularity, were suddenly asleep, suffering from
narcolepsy, like some humans. After that time he found that they had a
mutation, an alteration in a gene that was linked to a so-called
"hypocretin" hormone that has to do with which both we and the dogs
can be awake. MIGNOT did not discover the same alteration in humans, but Eureka!
the "hypocretin" in people with narcolepsy had disappeared! It had
opened a new avenue for the manufacture and development of new drugs for the
treatment of insomnia. That finishes so many sleepless nights front Facebook!
There are more studies underway?
Yes, in fact there is one that is European and is very interesting. Is
called LUPA and is coordinated by the veterinary medicine of the University of
Liège Anne-Sophie Lequarre, which points out that "initial results show
that once found a mutation (a disease-related) in dogs, in 90% of cases the
same gene is involved in human. Researchers, studying English Cocker and
Springer Spaniel, prone to sudden attacks, races hope to identify mutations
associated with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and other disorders that
involve aggression in humans. Isn’t great?!
Is there any difficulty in these studies?
There is a
problem and the diagnosis of psychological disorders that we want to study. As
an example we can mention schizophrenia, which might be a set of framed
disorders under the same label, each case can have a few different genetic and
environmental triggers. That is why it is essential to have dogs for trials suffering
from exactly the same sickness. As conclusion and closing I would like to quote
the words of Elaine Ostrander of the National Institute of research of the
human genome of Bethesda:"for 10,000 years the dog has been man's best
friend. Now is serving again man by helping us identify genes'. Raquel,
Antonio, Laura, and millions of people opens them a better future thanks to the
dogs...